In: Reisig, W.; Rozenberg, G.: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1491: Lectures on Petri Nets I: Basic Models, pages 257-308. Springer-Verlag, 1998.
Abstract: Linear algebraic techniques for place/transition nets are surveyed. In particular, place and transition invariant vectors and their application to verification, proof and analysis of behavioral properties of marked Petri nets are presented. The considered properties are the non-reachability of a marking and conditions that hold true for all reachable markings. In addition, it is shown how the rank of the incidence matrix implies sufficient criteria and necessary criteria for liveness of bounded marked Petri nets.